Geodetic works

: 11 June 2021; Hits: 1079; Rating:

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Topographic, geodetic and cartographic works

Construction and development of survey (geodetic) networks

Cadastral surveys

Topographic surveys

Creating cadastral maps and plans

Execution of geodetic works on the land plot is a necessary condition for further construction or any other land management procedures. Conducting such studies is clearly regulated by law. The complex of works for a specific site is individual, a separate technical task is created for it. The implementation of this task is carried out in stages, according to special techniques.

Geodetic works in land management are designed to solve a number of tasks that are necessary for any work on design and construction. The main purpose of such procedures is to provide the customer with accurate information about the various indicators of the site:

1. Determination of the survey geodetic basis using the state general geodetic system of points. After receiving such a basis, you can perform shooting work.
2. Carrying out of shooting works. The purpose of such a set of procedures is to accurately determine the spatial position of any objects in the study area and transfer them to paper scale. Geodetic works involve the creation of detailed topographic maps that reflect all the nuances of relief and contours, as well as capture all objects within the site (trees, buildings, etc.) and their position in space.

Typical geodetic services

Despite the fact that practical geodesy involves many different forms of work, most landowners need to perform cadastral surveying, topographic surveying and demarcation of land on the ground (locally).

Cadastral survey

This service in practice provides the following set of measures:

Precise determination of the boundaries and shape of the studied land plot.
Fixation (by determining the exact boundaries) of those parts of the land where the restrictions or encumbrances come into force.
Bringing the established boundaries of the plot in line with neighboring (adjacent) plots.
Compilation on the basis of the received data of the cadastral plan.

Topographic survey

This type of geodetic work is often required as a preliminary procedure before designing on the site. In addition, such procedures are a contribution to the preparation of master plans of settlements or other cartographic scientific and educational developments. In addition to surveying natural objects, topography allows you to establish the presence and coordinates of aboveground and underground communications on the land. Geodetic works include the following set of practical procedures:

Collection and generalization of source cartographic and documentary data.
Primary field work: general study of the area, tacheometric survey of the terrain and objects located on the site (vegetation, communications, reservoirs, etc.). For underground communications, tracing is carried out, the depth of their laying and places of exits to the surface are determined, as well as the basic materials for pipes and cables are indicated. Upon completion of field work, the survey site is included in the state coordinate system for geodesy.
Processing of field results. Making drawings, compiling quantitative indicators, drawing on ready-made plans of designations of existing objects. The compiled documentation is agreed in a number of operational services. The result of these procedures is to obtain seals on the topographic survey and acceptance of documents for the archive - after that the geodetic works are considered approved by the Department of Urban Planning and Architecture.

Making a topographic plan M 1: 500

Surveying is a special type of geodetic work, the result of which is the creation of a topographic plan of the area, land or other object with the help of ground surveying.

Topographic plans are created in paper and digital format, and include graphical information about the location of the site and objects in the survey area, including trees, ponds, other natural objects, buildings, power lines, roads, etc. .

Usually, topography is required in the case of developing a land allotment project, in the development of a construction plan and other design work, as well as in the laying of utilities for coordination with the water utility, electricity and gas companies.

In the case of Vodokanal, 1: 500 scale survey will be required for: demarcation acts, sewerage and water supply project, water management passport.

The price of topography M 1: 500 is influenced by a number of factors, including:

Building density
The complexity of the terrain and the presence of a large number of trees
Season
Availability of communications and the need to map underground networks
Work area
The density of the geodetic network

Output package of documents:

Copies of title documents to the land plot with cadastral number.
Copies of documents of a natural or legal person.

Stages of work to be performed:

Drawing up a technical task with the customer.
Analysis of the original package of documents and preparatory work.
Writing a petition to the Department of Urban Planning and Architecture.
Obtaining an Extract from the Department of Urban Planning and Architecture and receiving tablets and incense.
Departure of the geodetic team and measurement of the plot (+ 5-10 m from the land plot boundary).
Calculation of geodetic measurements and drawing up a topographic plan.
Submission of the topographic plan to the Department of Urban Planning and Architecture.
Drawing red lines on the topographic plan in KO.
Issuance of a topographic plan with the seal of the Department of Urban Planning and Architecture.

Removal of the boundaries of the land on the ground (locally)

Normatively, the procedure for removing the boundaries of the land is regulated by The instruction on establishment (restoration) of borders of land plots on the ground (locally) and their fixing by boundary signs, which was approved by the Order of the State Land Committee № 376 of 18.05.2010.

General cases in which there is a need to remove the boundaries of the land on the ground:

loss or damage of previously established boundary markers;
construction works on the land plot (including when the fence of the land plot is installed);
drilling of wells;
acquisition of land by a new owner;
in other cases.

In addition. as practice shows, the demarcation of land on the ground (locally) is an effective mechanism for resolving land disputes.

On the basis of what is the establishment of the boundaries of the land on the ground (locally)?

Establishment of boundaries of a land plot on the ground (locally) is carried out on the basis of developed and approved technical documentation on land management on establishment (restoration) of boundaries of a land plot on the ground (locally), technical documentation on land management on division and unification of land plots or land management project regarding the allocation of land.

What does the set of works on establishing the boundaries of the land plot on the ground (locally) include?

The complex of works on establishing the boundaries of the land plot on the ground (locally) includes:

preparatory work;
topographic and geodetic, cartographic works and land management works;
chamber works;
compilation and execution of materials of technical documentation on land management to establish the boundaries of the landon the ground (locally);
establishing the boundaries of the land on the ground (locally) and fixing them with boundary markers.

What are the types of boundary markers?

The type of boundary mark, which fixes the boundaries, is determined by the owner of the land plot together with the executor of land management works, who makes them on the ground (locally).

To consolidate the boundaries of the land on the ground (locally) at the choice of the customer uses three types of boundary markers:

Type one - a structure consisting of four parts:

detail 1 - metal stamp in the form of a circle with a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 1 mm. In the center of the brand there is a hole for fastening with a dowel (part 2) and a locking rod (part 3). Behind the perimeter of the circle at the top is the inscription "BORDER SIGN", below - "Ukraine". Below the hole is the number of the boundary mark of ten characters, above the hole is a unique identification bar code; detail 2 - embedded dowel 120 mm long with a top base in the form of a circle with a diameter of 60 mm, made of a particularly durable polymer; part 3 - red fixing rod 127 mm long, made of particularly durable polymer, part 4 - mounting column (cross-sectional section) with a height of 700 mm with an upper base with a diameter of 60 mm, made of particularly durable polymer. The boundary sign in the completed form is intended for fixing of borders of the ground areas on a ground cover. In case of fixing the boundaries of land plots that coincide with road structures, fences, fences, facades of buildings and other linear structures, as well as on asphalt or concrete surface, the adjusting column (part 4) may not be used, and the mortgage dowel (part 2) in such case is installed in a hole in a hard surface.

The second type is a metal pipe with a diameter of 3-7 cm and a height of 80-100 cm with a metal plate for inscriptions welded in the upper part.

The third type is a wooden pillar with a diameter of at least 10 cm and a height of at least 100 cm with a cross at the bottom and an upper base of 15x15 cm and a height of 20 cm, in the upper part of the pillar there is a cut for inscriptions.

Where exactly should landmarks be installed on the land plot?

Boundary signs shall be installed at turning points of the land plot boundaries, but not less than after 200 m. The minimum distance between boundary markers at turning points of the land plot boundaries shall not be less than 1 m.

What if real boundaries cannot be detected?

If it is impossible to identify the actual boundaries of their establishment is carried out on the actual use of land. If the actual use of the plot cannot be established, then each is allocated the same size part of the disputed plot.

If in this way the definition of boundaries is not consistent with the identified circumstances, in particular with the established size of land, the boundaries are determined taking into account these circumstances.

With whom do you need to further coordinate the establishment of the boundaries of the land on the ground (locally)?

In order to ensure the safety of underground cable communication lines, power grids, water supply, sewerage, gas networks, etc. before the start of work on fixing the boundaries of land on the ground (locally) boundary signs, the installation of which requires excavation at depths greater than 0 3 m, it is necessary to coordinate the possibility of their implementation with the relevant enterprises, institutions, organizations - owners (balance holders) of these utilities.

Who should be present during the demarcation of the land on the ground (locally)?

Fixing the boundaries of the land plot on the ground (locally) is carried out by the executor in the presence of the owner (user) of the land plot, owners (users) of adjacent land plots or a person authorized by him (them).

How should adjacent land users be notified of the time and date of the establishment of the boundaries of the land on the ground (locally)?

Notification of owners (users) of adjacent land plots on the date and time of works on fixing the boundaries of the land plot on the ground (locally) shall be carried out by the executor in advance, not later than five working days before the beginning of works on fixing the boundaries of the land plot on the ground (locally).

The message is sent by registered mail, courier, telegram or other means of communication that secure the message.

What if the location or location of the adjacent land user is unknown?

Owners (users) of adjacent land plots, whose place of residence or location is unknown, are notified of the time of works on fixing the boundary signs of turning points of the land plot on the ground (locally) through announcements in the press at the location of the land plot.

In which cases can the boundaries of the land be fixed on the ground (locally) in the absence of adjacent land users?

Fixing the boundaries of the land plot on the ground (locally) may be carried out in the absence of owners (users) of adjacent land plots in case of their non-appearance if they were duly notified of the time of the above works, as stated in the acceptance certificate characters for storage.